Patellafemoral Pain Syndrome Treatment

What is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a feeling of pain and discomfort that occurs between the kneecap (patella) and the thighbone (femur). This syndrome occurs due to the incompatibility of the articular surface between the patella in the anterior part of the knee and the thighbone, or the patella not being seated correctly. Patellofemoral pain syndrome usually occurs due to overuse and is mostly seen in young and active people.

Symptoms of patellofemoral pain syndrome may include:

1. Pain in the front of the knee: The most common symptom in patellofemoral pain syndrome is pain in the front of the knee. The pain is usually localized under or around the patella and is particularly increased during activities such as climbing stairs, running, squatting, or sitting for long periods of time.

2. Swelling or tenderness: People with patellofemoral pain syndrome may experience a slight swelling in the front of the knee or tenderness to the touch.

3. Crepitation: In some cases, clicking or crackling sounds (crepitations) may be heard over the patella while moving the knee.

4. Feeling of weakness or instability in the knee: People with patellofemoral pain syndrome may experience a feeling of weakness or instability in the knee. This condition is associated with a sense of lack of balance and control during movement due to the patella not being properly seated.

Conservative methods are generally used in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Here are some of the treatment options:

1. Restriction of rest and activities: Overloading and limiting activities are recommended to reduce pain and support the healing process.

2. Physical therapy: Physical therapy programs include exercises to strengthen the muscles of the knee, increase flexibility, and ensure correct alignment of the patella. The physiotherapist determines the appropriate exercise program and uses manual therapy, electrotherapy and other modalities if necessary.

3. Painkillers: Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs used at the doctor's recommendation can be used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

4. Kinesiology taping: Kinesiology taping technique can be applied to people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. This technique is a bandaging technique with elastic bands to promote correct alignment of the patella and reduce pain.

5. Corrective shoes or insoles: The use of corrective shoes or special insoles can reduce pain by ensuring the correct alignment of the patella.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome treatment should be tailored to individual needs. In line with the recommendations of the doctor and physiotherapist, a treatment plan should be created and followed regularly.

What Causes Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

The exact cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome is unknown. However, certain factors may contribute to the development of this syndrome. The following factors may be effective in the formation of patellofemoral pain syndrome:

1. Incompatibility of the patella: In patellofemoral pain syndrome, the patella (knee cap) does not move properly on the thigh bone (femur) or shows incompatibility. This mismatch can cause patella misalignment or friction.

2. Muscle imbalance: An imbalance or weakness of the hip, thigh, and knee muscles can lead to patellofemoral pain syndrome. In particular, the knee extensors play an important role in controlling the pressure on the patella. When these muscles are weak or unbalanced, the stress on the patella can increase and cause pain.

3. Overloading and repetitive movements: Continuously overloading or repetitive movements may contribute to the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Prolonged running, jumping, or sports that place excessive stress on the knee can cause this condition.

4. Flat feet or foot structural disorders: Structural disorders such as flat feet in the foot structure can affect the correct alignment of the knee and cause patellofemoral pain.

5. Skeletal abnormalities: Skeletal abnormalities in the thighbone, kneecap, or other joint structures may predispose to patellofemoral pain syndrome.

6. Trauma or injury: Trauma or injury to the knee area can lead to patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome usually occurs as a result of a combination of multiple factors. Different factors may play a role in each individual and the treatment process should be determined according to individual needs.

The Importance of Physical Therapy in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Physical therapy is of great importance in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Physical therapy is an effective treatment method used to manage the patient's symptoms, reduce pain, increase functional mobility and support the healing process. Here is the importance of physical therapy in patellofemoral pain syndrome:

1. Pain management: Physical therapy programs help reduce pain in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Modalities such as electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and hot-cold therapies can be used. In addition, manual therapy techniques and special massages can also relieve pain.

2. Muscle strengthening: In patellofemoral pain syndrome, the muscles around the knee, especially the knee extensors, should be strengthened. Physical therapy programs include specific exercises to strengthen muscles. These exercises reduce pressure on the patella by keeping the knee aligned correctly.

3. Flexibility and mobility: Flexibility of muscles and tissues is important in patellofemoral pain syndrome. It increases the flexibility of the muscles and improves the range of motion with physical therapy programs, stretching exercises and mobilization techniques.

4. Biomechanical evaluation: Physical therapy evaluates the patient's posture, body mechanics, and movement patterns. As a result of the biomechanical evaluation, appropriate exercises and corrective approaches are planned for the correct alignment and smooth movement of the body.

5. Education and self-care: The physical therapy process provides information and education to the patient about patellofemoral pain syndrome. It is important for patients to be informed about home exercises, posture correction techniques and preventive measures that they can do on their own.

6. Activity management: Physical therapy programs help the patient manage their activity level and reduce the risk of overload. The physical therapist provides the patient with appropriate activity arrangement and recommendations.

Physical therapy is an effective treatment option to manage symptoms, increase functional mobility and improve quality of life in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Appropriate treatment plan should be determined according to individual needs and regular follow-up should be provided.